Dogs have built-in coats, so it’s easy to assume they’re already equipped for the cold. But if you look at a dog’s natural coat the same way you look at a human’s coat choice, it’s easy to see that some are good for colder temperatures and some are, well, they are pretty to look at.
Ultimately, even the thickest, most luxurious fur won’t protect a dog from certain temperatures. It may seem counter-intuitive to knit a sweater for your husky, but domestic dogs simply aren’t made to survive the harshest environments unaided.
So, does your dog need a winter coat? Maybe. There is a lot to do.
The environment is important
“Cold” is relative. Winter in Florida is very different from winter (or fall or spring) in Minnesota. If you’re used to 80 degrees Fahrenheit, you might bundle up the second the thermometer drops below 45 degrees. Dogs are no different, and they might even be more sensitive to temperature changes because they’re in direct contact with the ground. Have you ever shivered at the thought of a cold tiled floor on your bare feet in the morning? Now imagine twice as many feet, and outside where the elements are less controllable.
It is generally accepted that once temperatures drop below 20 degrees Fahrenheit, no dog should be left in the elements unprotected for very long. Dogs with thicker, warmer coats (huskies, St. Bernards, etc.) will likely be fine for longer periods of time, but dogs with thin coats, such as greyhounds and Weimaraners, may need to be bundled up even for quick trips. Every dog, however, is at risk of frostbite or even hypothermia if left in these temperatures for very long.
Time is more than temperature
Keep in mind that it’s not just the thermometer reading in the weather forecast. The wind can slice through even the thickest fur coat, exponentially affecting a static temperature. For dogs with fine fur, “wind chill” takes on a whole new meaning.
Humidity, whether from rain and snow or just wet ground, can be the most dangerous thing of all when the temperature drops below freezing, or 32 degrees Fahrenheit. With prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures, direct contact with moisture on the skin can quickly lead to frostbite, so watch those paws.
When deciding how cold is too cold for your dog, every element must be considered. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), when the air temperature is 40 degrees Fahrenheit, wind speed is 35 mph, and humidity levels are above 50%, the effect on exposed skin is as if the air temperature is in the 20s. That is, you cannot judge safety by temperature alone.
Consider more than the fur coat
There are other things to consider before exposing your pet to the elements. Along with the sturdiness of their coat, you need to consider the dog’s size, age, and overall health. Small dogs are likely to get cold more quickly than large dogs. Older dogs and puppies—just like seniors and babies—probably need more protection than those in their prime. Health and fitness also play a role. Dogs with weaker immune systems, for example, don’t need more stress on their bodies, so make sure they’re protected.
What kind of protection?
There are dozens of pet coats. Some are basically blankets designed for dogs, while others are more functional, with pockets, reflective surfaces, etc. You’ll have to decide what’s right for your dog, but here are some important things to consider:
- Fit – Make sure it fits snugly on your dog but does not restrict movement. Measure the length, width and height of your dog’s chest to ensure a proper fit.
- Material – Certain materials are better suited to certain environments, so make sure yours is compatible. For example, if your dog often goes out in wet conditions, waterproofing is a must. Some dog coats have a temperature rating, so if you plan on going on walks in extremely cold conditions, make sure the coat is suitable for the job.
- Ease of Use – You don’t want the coat to be a hassle, so be sure to find one that’s easy to put on and take off. This becomes vital if you have a dog that does not move well or if you have a restless dog that moves Also GOOD.
Also consider boots. If you’re in an area where you don’t control the use of snowmelt (always use pet-safe de-icers!), your dog might need some foot protection. Some de-icers can cause chemical burns to the footpads and can be toxic if your dog decides to lick them off, so booties can kill two birds with one, uh, boot. If your dog has hairy feet, snow and ice can accumulate between the toes or in the “rooster tails” on the ankles, so even dogs with thicker coats can benefit from boots.
you know your dog
In the end, you know your dog, so you are the best judge of his comfort. If your dog seems to be having trouble with the cold, it may be best to just go inside. If you are seeing physical signs of struggle, this could be the onset of hypothermia. Here are some common signs:
- Chills
- Cold ears and feet
- Lethargy
- Pale gums
- Muscle stiffness
If you see any of these signs, come in quickly, wrap your dog in a warm towel, and call your veterinarian immediately.
Some dogs are better equipped to face the cold than others. When in doubt, go for a coat and be sure to pay close attention while he or she is out there. If it’s cold enough for a coat, it might be time to take shelter.
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